Eye Infection: Causes, Symptoms & Quick Tips

Got a red, itchy eye that feels gritty or watery? You might be dealing with an eye infection. These infections are common, but they can be uncomfortable and, if ignored, could affect your vision. The good news is most of them are easy to recognize and treat if you act fast.

Common Types of Eye Infections

Conjunctivitis (pink eye) is the most well‑known. It shows up as a pink or reddish hue, crusty eyelids, and a stringy discharge. Bacterial, viral, or allergic triggers can cause it, and it spreads easily in schools or workplaces.

Keratitis affects the cornea, the clear front part of the eye. It often follows a scratch, contact lens misuse, or a stye. You’ll notice pain, blurred vision, and light sensitivity.

Blepharitis inflames the eyelid margins. It feels gritty and can cause flakes along the lashes. Bacterial overgrowth or skin conditions like rosacea are usual culprits.

Other less common infections include hordeolum (stye), dacryocystitis (blocked tear duct infection), and fungal infections that usually follow eye injury or prolonged steroid use.

How to Treat and When to Seek Help

First things first – keep your hands clean. Wash them before touching your eyes or applying any drops. If you wear contact lenses, switch to glasses until the infection clears and disinfect your lenses thoroughly.

For bacterial conjunctivitis, a doctor will often prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointments. Viral forms usually run their course in a week or two; artificial tears and cold compresses help soothe the discomfort.

In cases of keratitis or severe pain, get medical attention right away. Delayed treatment can scar the cornea and affect vision permanently. Your eye doctor may need to prescribe stronger antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungal meds, and sometimes a protective eye patch.

Blepharitis can be managed at home with warm compresses and gentle lid scrubs using diluted baby shampoo. If symptoms persist, a doctor might suggest prescription ointments.

Never share eye makeup, towels, or pillowcases when an infection is present – these items spread germs quickly. Change pillowcases daily and discard any eye cosmetics that look contaminated.

When should you call a professional? If you experience intense pain, vision loss, light sensitivity, or a sudden increase in redness, seek care immediately. Also, if you have a weakened immune system, diabetes, or wear contact lenses, get checked sooner rather than later.

Prevention is simple: wash your hands often, avoid rubbing your eyes, keep contact lenses clean, and replace eye makeup every three months. If you work in a dusty environment, wear protective goggles to keep debris out.

Remember, most eye infections clear up with proper care, but catching them early saves you from hassle and potential complications. Keep an eye on your symptoms, follow these tips, and you’ll protect your eyes for the long haul.